COMENIUS  H.E.R.M.E.S.
How Everybody Remembers Meaningful Enjoyable Sights


Disclaimer clause -This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein  
 
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THE SEVEN MINIWONDERS
The students have worked on a mini Europe tour guide: “Six mini wonders of my country/region/town”
by presenting unknown touristic aspects and places of their country/region/town through itineraries and descriptions.

GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY
The Reichstag Building The Parthenon The Caves of Aggtelek
The Black Forest (Schwarzwald) Delphi The Danube bend
The Port of Hamburg Rouketopolemos The Hungarian Parliament
Der Kölner Dom – Cologne Cathedral Meteora Eger
Trier - The oldest city in Germany Diros Caves Tokaj
Neuschwanstein/Bavaria Samothraki Lake Balaton
mmm Salamina Island - Kanakia Hortobágy

ITALY SPAIN TURKEY
Gole dell'Alcantara Museo del Prado Hasankeyf
Erice Alcázar de Segovia The Sumela Monastery
Marsala Manzanares el Real Cappadocia
Caltagirone Valencia - Las fallas Ephesus
Monreale The Bridge of the Tajo in Ronda Mount Nemrut
The salt pans of west Sicily Santiago The Divriği mosque
Segesta Cave of Altamira mmm

  GERMANY
 

THE REICHSTAG
The Reichstag building is since 1999 the meeting place of the modern German parliament, the  Bundestag and is  is located in Berlin. In 1872 there was an architectural contest with 103 participating architects wich didn't worked out because of some problems with purchasing property for the new building and arguments between Willhelm I., Otto von Bismark and the members of the Reichstag about how the construction should be performed. 10 years later in 1882 there was another contest held with 189 architects participating.
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THE BLACK FOREST (SCHWARZWALD).
In Baden-Württemberg.
Germany's biggest wooded mountain rage.
In the south – western of Germany you will find the very popular Black Forest (Schwarzwald), that belongs to Baden – Württemberg. Hearing the name, everyone is connecting it with darkness and scary woodland. But in reality the Black Forest is not half as scary as it's name.
The Black Forest has, with a length of 200km and a bredth of 60km, an area of about 12,000 km˛ and it's highest peak, the Feldberg, is 1,493 metres high.
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THE PORT OF HAMBURG
The Port of Hamburg (Hamburger Hafen) is a port in Hamburg, Germany, on the river Elbe. The harbour is located 110 kilometres from the mouth of the Elbe.                                          
It is named Germany's "Gateway to the World" and is the largest port in Germany. It is the third-largest port of Europe (after the port of Rotterdam and the port of Antwerp), in terms of numbers of containers handled in 2004, it is the second-largest in Europe and ....
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DER KöLNER DOM - Cologne Cathedral
The Cologne Cathedral is around 157.38m high and is the second highest church in Europe and the 3th highest in the world. The cathedral is only 250m away from the river Rhein. It has a gothic architecture.
In ancient times where today’s Cathedral is standing were always religious buildings. In the 4th century there was built a palace that could be one of the first churches in former times, but this structure was destroyed by people and they built a grave. In the second part of the 6th century they constructed on this grave a church and this structure is the former structure of today’s cathedral
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TRIER - The oldest city in Germany
Trier (Latin: Augusta Treverorum) is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River.
It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC. Trier is not the only city claiming to be Germany's oldest, but it is the only one that bases this assertion on having the longest history as a city, as opposed to a mere settlement or army camp.
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NEUSCHWANSTEIN/BAVARIA
When one thinks of the most typical and famous tourist sites in Germany, the castle of Neuschwanstein in Bavaria comes to mind immediately.
It looks so romantic and splendid sitting on the top of its hill surrounded by the lovely German Alps. It is the essence of romanticism and appears more beautiful than Beyonce Knowles or Marilyn Monroe on photos. For the American Walt Disney, it represented the archetype of a European castle and he used in Disney’s logo and as the model for some of the castles in his most famous fairytale cartoons such as Cinderella.

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  GREECE
 

THE PARTHENON
Before 480 B.C. in the same spot that today Parthenon lies, another temple, called Proparthenon was set to be built. It was the first big marbled temple in Athens, same in size as the today's Parthenon. This temple was ruined when Perses captured Acropolis in 480 B.C. Later, parts of the temples were used in the Kimona's Wall.
With the leading of Pericles and relying on the foundations of the previous temple the temple of Athenas Parthenou was raised, that was successfully completed between 447 and 432 A.C.
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DELPHI
Delphi is both an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece on the south-western spur of Mount Parnassus Delphi was the site of the Delphic oracle, the most important oracle in the classical Greek world, and a major site for the worship of the god Apollo His sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 586 B.C. athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four panhellenic games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. Delphi was labeled the "omphalos" (navel) of the earth, in other words, the center of the world.
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ROUKETOPOLEMOS
Rouketopolemos is the name of a local traditional event held annually at Easter in the town of Vrontados on the Greek island of Chios. As a variation of the Greek habit of throwing fireworks during the celebration of the service at midnight before Easter Sunday, two rival church congregations in the town perform a "Rocket War" by firing tens of thousands of home-made rockets across town, with the objective of hitting the bell tower of the church of the other side.
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METEORA
In the northwest corner of Thessaly, the wide bed of the Pinios River emerges from the mighty canyons of the Eastern Pindus Mountains that plummet abruptly onto the Thessalian plain. Here, in the shadow of the mountains and just beyond the town of Kalampaka, massive gray colored pinnacles rise towards the sky. It is a strange but breathtaking landscape that has been sculpted by wind and water over thousands of years. These smooth, ......
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DIROS CAVES
The Diros caves are 6km down the coast from the village of Areopolis, on the Mani peninsular of the Peloponnese.
The caves were discovered some years ago and opened to the public in the 70s, although much of the cave network, which is believed to cover around 70km, is yet to be explored and is thought to possibly go all the way up to Sparta. This is limestone country, so the caves are full of stalagmites and stalactites, formed by centuries of dripping water.
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SAMOTHRAKI
In the north-east of the Aegean Sea Samothraki, pops up from the sea. . The island of Samothraki, scenically is one of the most awe inspiring of all Greek islands.
It may be a small island but it is endowed with a most diverse and dramatic landscape. Below the mighty peak of Mt Fengari (1611m) you will find valleys of huge twisting oaks, thick forests, and wet shaded glades where waterfalls cascade into deep, icy pools. It is an island dowered with an exceptional nature, unique in the Aegean. Suitable words do not exist in order to describe that place.
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  HUNGARY
 

THE CAVES OF AGGTELEK
The Caves of Aggtelek are located in the Aggtelek National Park in north-eastern part of Hungary. Aggtelek was the first national park in the country. The park lies on limestone bedrock that is prone to karstification. There are over 260 caves in the park. The Caves of Aggtelek were declared a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1995.
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THE DANUBE BEND
There are many picturesque landscapes along the Hungarian part of the Danube. North of Budapest there is a unique area called the Danube Bend. This area with its string of small riverside towns is a popular excursion spot for Hungarians and international travelers as well. The fact, that the Danube Bend is the third most-visited area in Hungary after Budapest and Lake Balaton is an excellent proof of the role this area is playing in Hungary’s tourism.
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THE HUNGARIAN PARLIAMENT
Budapest, the Hungarian capitol, is worldwide famous for its unique and diverse buildings, which are real architectural gems. The city on the River Danube is visited by many tourists from Hungary and other countries and is considered to be one of the most interesting places in Europe. Visitors who are interested in architecture and history can find in Budapest a wide variety of buildings, which were built in different ages and represent many architectural styles.
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EGER

Northern Hungary is famous for its national parks and wine regions. Eger is the centre of the wine region which is the home of delicious and famous wine called Bull’s Blood of Eger. Eger has got many attractions, which are visited by many Hungarian and international tourists. The Castle of Eger played an important role in the history of Hungary. The first castle in Eger was built during the reign of the Árpád Dynasty. In 1552 István Dobó successfully defended the castle from the Turkish army. The famous Hungarian writer Géza Gárdonyi described the events of this war in his popular novel Eclipse of the Crescent Moon.
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TOKAI

The Tokaj area is situated in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in north eastern Hungary. The centre of this wine-growing region is Kopasz Mountain and the town Tokaj. Tokaj wine doesn’t come just from the vineyards close to town, but from the entire wine-growing region of Tokaj-Hegyalja, which covers an area of some 5000 hectares. The sweetest and well-known Tokaj wine is Aszú. The first Aszú wine can be traced back to Laczkó Máté Sepsi, a preacher from Erdőbénye. Tokaji Aszú used to be a medicine and it had many admirers. The Kings of Poland celebrated with a glass of Aszú and the Russian tsars offered this unique speciality to their dearest quests. Louis XIV of France...
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LAKE BALATON

Lake Balaton Central Europe’s largest lake is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Hungary. Lake Balaton is situated in Transdanubia. There is a difference between the southern and northern shores of the lake. The water is shallower and warmer by the southern shore, which is an ideal place for making family holiday. The northern shore is mountainous and it is famous for a major wine region. Lake Balaton is connected with the Danube with the Sió Canal. The name of the lake is of Slavic origin. In the early Pan-Slavic language the word blato meant mud or swamp. The Romans were also impressed by the beautiful region of the lake, which they called Lacus Pelso.
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HORTOBÁGY

Hortobágy is both the name of a village in Hajdú-Bihar county and a national park in Eastern Hungary, rich with folklore and cultural history. The Hortobágy Puszta is the biggest single area of steppe grazing land in Central Europe. The park, a part of the Alföld (Great Plain), was designated as a national park in 1973 (the first in Hungary), and elected among the World Heritage sites in 1999. The Hortobágy is Hungary's largest protected area, and the largest natural grassland in Europe.
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  ITALY
 

GOLE DELL'ALCANTARA
The Alcantara is a river in Sicily, between Catania and Messina, near Taormina.The “Gole dell’Alcantara” are up to 25 m. high; at the narrowest points they are from 2 m. to 5 m. wide and at the widest points 4 or 5 m. wide.
People think that the continuous water flow over the years created this Canyon but in reality it is due to an earthquake that split an old lava flow from Mount Etna allowing the river Alcantara to flow. Between the high, black lava walls .......
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ERICE
At 750 m sea level, Erice is located in a splendid panoramic position and on a clear day you can see the mount Etna on the horizon. Erice is now one of the main tourist destinations in Sicily. [.....]
Erice hosts the Centre for Scientific Culture “Ettore Majorana”, founded in 1963. The centre has become an important reference point for scientific research worldwide.
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MARSALA: Baglio Anselmi and the Punic ship.
Marsala is a town situated on the south-west coast of Sicily, in front of Africa. It houses an  important archeological piece: a Punic ship. [.....] The museum where the remains of the Punic ship are hosted is the Baglio Anselmi, a building of the late XIX century used as a winery for the production of “Marsala” wine.
The shipwreck .......
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CALTAGIRONE
The city of Caltagirone dominates the plain of Catania and Gela. It is 68 km far from Catania, situated up to 608 m. above sea level. During the winter the picturesque location and the enormous temperature range between day and night, often gives rise to a dense fog, familiarly called “a Paisana”.
Land rich in clay, Caltagirone is known worldwide for its handmade pottery made by hundreds of artisans. The art of majolica has ancient origins: the first furnace dates back to the Muslim and the Norman period.
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MONREALE
Monreale is a town near Palermo, in Sicily, overlooking the very fertile valley called “La Conca d’oro” (the gold shell). It’s known for its orange, olive and almond trees that are exported in large quantities. A visit of Palermo isn’t truly complete without a visit to Monreale.
The town was for a long a village, and started its expansion when the Norman Kings of Sicily chose the area as their hunting resort, and built here a palace ....
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THE SALT PANS OF WEST SICILY
Salt was, of course, an important commodity for the preservation of food and so the west coast of Sicily soon had a fundamental role to play in the daily life of thousands of people around the Mediterranean and in Europe.
The road from Trapani to Marsala leads to Via del Sale, the territory where salt is still being extracted. A Reserve has been founded to protect this important area, that is characterized by shallow waters and rich under-water fauna and flora.
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SEGESTA
Segesta occupies a splendid position, in Sicily.

Ancient Segesta was probably founded by the Elimi; under Greek domination, it soon ranked, like Erice (Eryx) among the leading towns of the Mediterranean basin. In the 5th century BC, it was the greatest enemy of its great rival Selinunte (Selinus): in an attempt to defend against this threat, Segesta appealed for help from Athens in 415 BC, but these reinforcements were defeated by Syracuse whose forces were allied to Selinunte.
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 SPAIN
 

MUSEO DEL PRADO
El Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art [.....]. El Prado is one of the most visited places in the world, and it is considered to be among the greatest museums of art.
The best known work on display at the museum is Las Meninas by Velázquez. Velázquez not only provided the Prado with his own works, but his keen eye and sensibility ........
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ALCAZAR DE SEGOVIA
The Alcázar of Segovia (literally, Segovia Castle) is a stone fortification, located in the old city of Segovia, Spain. Rising out on a rocky crag above the confluence of the rivers Eresma and Clamores near the Guadarrama mountains, it is one of the most distinctive castle-palaces in Spain by virtue of its shape - like the bow of a ship. The Alcázar was originally built as a fortress but has served as a royal palace, a state prison, a Royal Artillery College and a military academy since then.
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THE CASTLE OF MANZANARES EL REAL
The town of Manzanares el Real, 30 miles north of Madrid, is most famous for its castle that is an imposing example of the military architecture of the 15th century in Spain. The construction of the castle began in the year 1475, at a time when Madrid was just a little town. The castle has a quadrangular plant with four towers on the corners. Three cylindrical towers and a larger one known as Torre del Homenaje (Homage Tower) with a squared layout. Each of the three cylindrical towers is crowned with smaller towers, ....
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LAS FALLAS
“ Las Fallas ” (traditional “ Falles ” in Valencia) is a festival held from 15th to 19th March in some cities and towns of Valencia (Spain), mainly including Valencia and Alcira, also in the rest of Spain and the city of Palma de Mallorca or even Huelva, as well as in the city of Mar del Plata Argentina, receiving thousands of immigrants from Valencia. Also called “ Josefinas ” or “ festes de Sant Josep “ (in Valencian) it is held in honour of St. Joseph, patron saint of carpenters. It is classified as a festival of international tourist interest. The fault name corresponds to the artistic buildings of combustible materials as a whole, representing figures known as “ ninots “ and compositions of different el
ements.
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THE BRIDGE OF THE TAJO IN RONDA
The New Bridge is together with the bullring, the symbol and the soul of the city of Ronda.
There were two projects for the building of this bridge. The first in the year 1735, with the king Felipe V,  consisted of an arch of 35 meters in diameter, and this work lasted only 8 months but it was unsuccessful because six years later it collapsed, killing about 50 people.
A few years later, the works started again in 1751 and it was finished in 1793 coinciding with the celebration of the Royal May fair in Ronda. They needed 40 years to finish the bridge, following the design of the architect D. José Martín de Aldehuela, also the architect of the town called Manzanera in Teruel.
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SANTIAGO
The Saint James’ Way is a way from some parts of Europe to the Spanish city Santiago de Compostela, in Galicia, Spain.This way is a spiritual way, many people do this pilgrimage to find themslves, as a promise, etc.
The history of the way is unknown but it seems that in 814 relics were attributed to the apostle in this city.
The people started to do it from about 813 with the discovery of the relics of the apostle and with the approval of Charlemagne, who wanted to defend its borders from Arab invasions, Compostela will progressively become a pilgrimage center to receive their final push during the first half of XII century. Soon the news spread throughout Christian Europe and the pilgrims began to arrive at the grave, called Campus Stellae, which degenerate into the term Compostela.
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CAVE OF ALTAMIRA
Altamira is a cave in Santillana del Mar (Cantabria), Spain famous for its Upper Paleolithic cave paintings featuring drawings and polychrome rock paintings of wild mammals and human hands.
Its special relevance comes from the fact that it was the first cave in which prehistoric cave paintings were discovered. When the discovery was first made public in 1880, it led to a bitter public controversy between experts which continued into the early 20th century, as many of them did not believe prehistoric man had the intellectual capacity to produce any kind of artistic expression. The acknowledgement of the authenticity of the paintings, .....
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 TURKEY
 

HASANKEYF
Hasankeyf is the most popular area of the vicinity due to its historic wealth. The city stands as living evidence to the multifaceted cultural foundations of the Arabs, Seljuks, Mongolians and Ottomans and houses a plethora of valuable remnants from the past. The place is a major tourist attraction with its unlimited treasure of antique civilizations. Sadly, most of it will be lost under the flows of rivers after the completion of the GAP project for building dams in the region. Work is already on to salvage as much of historical evidence as possible.

 

Hasankeyf`s origin as a settlement area probably dates back to prehistoric times. The city was the pivot of Turkish culture with its plentiful educational and scientific institutes. According to legend, it is named after Hasan, who escaped from the fortress with a miraculous jump over the high walls and into the Tigris.

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THE SUMELA MONASTERY
The Sumela Monastery, which stands on the foot of a steep cliff facing the Altindere valley in the region of Maçka in Trabzon province, is populary  known as "Meryem Ana" (The Virgin Mary. The building complex is nearly 300 metres high and was built following the tradition of monasteries that were located outside the cities in forests near caves and sources of water.

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CAPPADOCIA
Cappadocia "Land of Beautiful Houses" is a region in central Turkey, largely in Nevşehir Province.

The area is a famous and popular tourist destination, as it has many areas with unique geological, historic and cultural features. The Cappadocia region is largely underlain by sedimentary rocks formed in lakes and streams, and ignimbrite deposits erupted from ancient volcanoes approximately 9 to 3 million years ago, during the late Miocene to Pliocene epochs. The rocks of Cappadocia near Göreme eroded into hundreds of spectacular pillars and minaret-like forms.
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EPHESUS
Ephesus which was established as a port, was used to be the most important commercial centre. It played a great role in the ancient times with its strategic location. Ephesus is located on a very fertile valley.Ephesus contains the largest collection of Roman ruins in the eastern Mediterranean. Only an estimated 15% has been excavated. The ruins that are visible give some idea of the city's original splendor, .....
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MOUNT NEMRUT
Mt. Nemrut is a 2,134 m high mountain in southeastern Turkey, notable for the summit where a number of large statues is erected around what is assumed to be a royal tomb from the 1st century BCE.
The mountain lies 40 km north of Kahta, near Adıyaman. In 62 BC, King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene built on the mountain top a tomb-sanctuary flanked by huge statues of himself, two lions, two eagles and various Greek, Armenian, and Iranian gods, such as Hercules-Vahagn, Zeus-Aramazd or Oromasdes, Tyche, and Apollo-Mithras. These statues were once seated, with names of each god inscribed on them. The heads of the statues have at some stage been removed from their bodies, and they are now scattered throughout the site.
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The DIVRIĞI MOSQUE
The Divriği Mosque is an outstanding example of Selçuk mosques in Anatolia, having neither a courtyard, colonnades, nor an uncovered ablutions basin, but which organizes all religious functions in an enclosed area. A charitable foundation, the contiguous hospital makes an already exceptional ensemble even more interesting thanks to a princely command.
Far away from the major communication links at the south-east of Sivas province in eastern Anatolia,...
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